A drill chuck is a device that securely holds a drill bit or other cutting tool on a spindle. The different types of drill chucks —keyed, keyless, and hybrid— allow for quick changes of a drill bit and offer various benefits depending on your application.
Drill Chucks Built for Accuracy
Learn how to choose the right keyed, keyless, or hybrid drill chuck for your tool, application, and precision needs.
Drill Chucks
Types of Drill Chucks
Drill Chuck Mount Types
Mount type refers to how the drill chuck connects to an arbor, shank, or spindle.
- Integral shank drill chucks: Arbor (shank) is built into the drill chuck, providing greater rigidity and concentricity than a press-fit tapered mount.
- Tapered mount drill chucks: Use an internal Jacobs Taper (JT) press-fit onto a matching JT arbor (shank) or spindle.
- Threaded mount drill chucks: Internal threads secure the chuck to a spindle or threaded arbor.
Taper Dimensions: Drill Chuck Taper Mount Size
Morse Taper Dimensions
Morse Taper | 1 | 2 | 3 | 1 | 2 | 3 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D1 | 0.481" | 0.709" | 0.947" | 1.244"" | 1.7613" | 2.510" |
Jacobs Taper Dimensions
Jacobs Taper | 0 | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 33 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
D | 0.250" | 0.384" | 0.559" | 0.811" | 1.124" | 1.413" | 0.676" | 0.624" |
Drill Chuck Bearings
Choosing the right bearing type can be critical for your equipment. The bearings reduce friction in the drill chuck's closing mechanism so more pressure can be applied to grip the drill bit. Cutting fluids are 90-98% water when diluted, so the chemistry of the water plays a major role in a product's effectiveness.
Ball Bearing
Ball bearings are designed to reduce friction in the tightening mechanism and provide a better grip on the drill. They are ideal for heavy-duty machining and require a key for tightening or loosening.
Plain Bearing
Plain bearings feature a one-piece gearing and sleeve for reducing tooth breakage. They are ideal for medium-duty operations with stationary drilling, turning, milling, and woodworking machines.
Plain Bearing Keyed Chucks
Designed with one-piece gearing and a durable sleeve to minimize tooth breakage. Ideal for medium-duty industrial use in stationary drilling, turning, milling, and woodworking machines. Available with threaded mounts for hand-held drills and tapered mounts for stationary machines where run-out is not a critical factor (up to approx. 0.004″).
Light-Duty Keyed Chucks
Cost-effective for basic DIY work. Nowadays, they are often being replaced by keyless chucks. Ideal for electric hand-held drilling machines, reversible or non-reversible.
Stainless Steel Keyed Chucks
For use in the food, medical, and dental industries, where tools must be sterilized.
CNC Precision Keyed Chucks with Integrated Shank
Engineered for CNC machines, these chucks feature a short design for maximum concentricity and exceptional precision (max. run-out of 0.0012″ or better). Delivering high clamping forces of over 75 ft./lbs., they offer optional through-coolant capability and support both clockwise and counterclockwise rotation. Ideal for high-speed CNC milling, drilling, reaming, and tapping applications.
Keyless Drill Chuck Styles
High-Precision/High-Torque Keyless Drill Chucks
Designed for applications requiring extreme accuracy, these chucks feature a self-tightening mechanism that grips tighter as torque increases. Suitable for high-accuracy drill presses, jig borers, milling machines, CNC equipment, and production drilling. Minimum run-out: TIR .0016″ or better. Clockwise operation only.
Medium-Duty Keyless Drill Chucks
Offer the same self-tightening feature as high-precision models but with a slightly wider run-out (approx. .006″). Ideal for medium-duty industrial applications and available in threaded mounts for hand-held drills or tapered mounts for stationary machines. Clockwise operation only.
Stainless Steel Keyless Drill Chucks
Corrosion-resistant, self-tightening chucks built for industries requiring sterilization, such as food processing, medical, and dental. Clockwise operation only.
Portable Drill Keyless Chucks
The latest generation for power tools, featuring ergonomic designs with plastic or metal sleeves. Many models include a locking mechanism for hammer drilling or screwdriver operations. Compatible with reversible and non-reversible hand-held drills.
CNC Precision Keyless Drill Chucks with Integrated Shank
Compact, rigid construction with high precision (TIR .0016″ or better). Self-tightening for maximum grip, designed for CNC milling, turning, and stationary machines requiring clockwise operation.
Drill Chuck Materials
Mounting & Removing Drill Chucks
On Threaded Spindle Portable Tools
Unplug the drill or disconnect the battery pack.
Open the jaws of the existing chuck completely.
Remove left-hand thread screw, if any, from inside chuck and save for re-use.
Insert the hex-type wrench into the chuck body and tighten the jaws on the wrench.
Strike the wrench counterclockwise with a mallet to free and unscrew the chuck.
Screw the new chuck onto the spindle (clockwise).
Insert the hex-type wrench in the jaws and tighten the jaws on the wrench.
Strike the wrench clockwise with the mallet several times.
On Tapered Shank Arbors
To mount chucks
Clean both tapers of all grease and grit. With the jaws retracted into the chuck and with the chuck nose resting on a wooden bench, strike the tang of the arbor lightly to seal it into the chuck.
To remove chucks
Insert a wedge between the back of the chuck and the shoulder of the arbor. In case the mounting taper of the arbor does not provide a shoulder, a cross hole should be drilled through the neck of the arbor and a cross pin inserted. Then the wedge can be used between the chuck back and the cross pin to free the chuck from the arbor.