Flat Stock & Drill Rod
Technical Information
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Basics of... Flat Stock & Drill Rod
The data presented herein are typical values, and do not warrant suitability for any application or use of these materials. Normal variations in the chemical composition, the size of the product, and heat treatment parameters may result in different values for the various physical and mechanical properties.
| Type | Hardening Method | Machinability | Decarb Free | Spheroidized | Abrasion Resistant | Wear Resistant | Work Type | Uses |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | Oil | High | X | X | Cold | A general purpose oil hardening tool steel suitable for back up and punch holder plates. Features of this grade include a good combination of high surface hardness and toughness after hardening and tempering | ||
| D-2 | Air | Low | X | X | X | X | Cold | Suitable for medium run tooling for applications where abrasive wear is dominant and the risk of chipping or cracking is not so high, e.g. for blanking and forming of thinner, harder work materials |
| A-2 | Air | Medium | X | X | X | X | Cold | Suitable for medium run tooling. This grade features good machinability, high stability after hardening and good wear resistance |
| H-13 | Air | Medium | X | X | X | X | Hot | Aluminum and magnesium die casting dies and extrusion dies. Features good red hardness, high resistance to heat checking and washing and extreme toughness. |
| M2 | Air, Oil or Salt | Medium | X | X | X | X | Cold | Dies; Shear Blades; Cutting Tools; Drill Bits; Broaches; Taps; End Mills |
| S-7 | Air or Oil | High | X | X | X | Hot and Cold | A versatile S7 grade recommended for applications demanding a high degree of toughness and moderate wear resistance. Successfully used for heavy-duty punching and shearing tools | |
| 4142 | Pre-Hardened | Medium | X | Cold | Tooling; Dies; Arbors; Axles; Spindles | |||
| 410SS | Oil | Medium | X | X | Hot | This grade can be heat treated to range of hardness and toughness levels for use in a variety of applications | ||
| 440C | Oil | Medium | X | X | X | X | Cold | Hot Specialty, industrial and surgical knives, scissors, for corrosion and wear resistance applications or edge retention |
| 1 | Water | High | X | X | X | Cold | Chisels; Punches; Tooling; Knives; Shears; Razors |
Chemical Composition
| Type | Carbon (C) | Magnesium (Mn) | Silicon (Si) | Chromium (Cr) | Molybdenum (Mo) | Cobalt (Co) | Tungsten (W) | Vanadium (V) | Phosphorus (P) | Sulfur (S) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| O-1 | .85-1.0 | 1.0-1.4 | 0.50Max | 0.4-0.6 | 0.40-0.60 | 0.30 Max | 0.020 Max | 0.020 Max | ||
| D-2 | 1.4-1.6 | 0.6 Max | 11.0-13.0 | 0.70-1.20 | 100 Max | 1.10 Max | 0.025 Max | 0.025 Max | ||
| A2 | .95-1.25 | 1.0 Max | 4.75-5.5 | 0.90-1.40 | 0.15-0.50 | 0.025 Max | 0.025 Max | |||
| H-13 | .32-0.45 | 0.2-0.5 | 0.8-1.2 | 4.75-5.5 | 1.10-1.75 | 0.80-1.20 | 0.030 Max | 0.030 Max | ||
| M2 | .85 | 0.3 | 0.3 | 4.0 | 5.00 | 6.00 | 2.00 | |||
| S-7 | .45-0.55 | 0.2-0.8 | 0.2-1.0 | 3.0-3.5 | 1.30-1.80 | 0.20-0.30 | 0.030 Max | 0.030 Max | ||
| 4142 | .40 | 1.0 | 0.25 | 1.0 | 0.20 | 0.035 | 0.030 | |||
| 410SS | .13 | 0.5 | 0.40 | 12.0 | ||||||
| 440C | 1.05 | 0.4 | 0.40 | 17.0 | 0.40 | |||||
| W-1 | .95-1.05 | 0.3-0.4 | 0.10-0.25 | 0.025 Max | 0.025 Max |
Tempering Data
| Temp (°F) | O-1 Rockwell C Hardness | D-2 Rockwell C Hardness | A-2 Rockwell C Hardness | H-13 Rockwell C Hardness | M-2 Rockwell C Hardness Oil Quenched Air Quenched | S-13 Rockwell C Hardness | 4142 Rockwell C Hardness | 410SS Rockwell C Hardness | 440C Rockwell C Hardness | W1 Rockwell C Hardness |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 200 | 59 | 61 | ||||||||
| 300 | 63-65 | 62-65 | 6565 | 42 | 64-65 | |||||
| 400 | 61-64 | 60-60 | 59-62 | 6463 | 56-58 | 57 | 57 | 62-64 | ||
| 500 | 60-63 | 59-62 | 58-61 | 6362.5 | 54-56 | 42 | 58-59 | |||
| 600 | 57-60 | 58-60 | 57-60 | 62.562.5 | 53-55 | 50 | 55 | 54-56 | ||
| 700 | 57-59 | 6362.5 | 52-54 | 39 | 50-51 | |||||
| 800 | 48-51 | 57-59 | 56-59 | 63.563.5 | 52-54 | 43 | 56 | 46-47 | ||
| 900 | 58-60 | 55-58 | 6564 | 5-53 | 39 | |||||
| 950 | 6665 | |||||||||
| 1000 | 44-48 | 56-59 | 51-53 | 6665.5 | 50-52 | 34 | 51 | |||
| 1050 | 49-51 | 6663.5 | ||||||||
| 1100 | 46-48 | 64.561.5 | 46-48 | 23 41 | ||||||
| 1150 | 35-37 | 6260 | ||||||||
| 1200 | 28-23 | 53.5 53 | 40-42 | 27 | ||||||
| 1300 | 43 39.5 | 33-35 | 16 | |||||||
| 1400 | 33.534 |
Heat Treatment
| O-1 | Sections smaller than 1�?�4 heat to 1450-1475°F and hold until heated through. For larger sections, preheat to 1200°F, then raise to 1450-1500°F hardening temperature, hold one half hour per inch of cross section. Quench in oil at 125-150°F and temper immediately. |
| D-2 | Preheat thoroughly to 1450-1500°F, then raise temperature to 1800-1850°F and hold until uniformly heated through. Soak at temperature 45-60 minutes per inch of thickness. To minimize surface decarburization use salt bath, controlled atmosphere furnace or pack harden. Use high side of hardness for thicker sections. |
| A-2 | Preheat thoroughly at 1450°F, then raise to hardening temperature 1725-1800°F and soak uniformly. For larger sections, use high side; for thin or smaller sections, use low side. Quench in still air or dry air blast at 125-175°, then temper immediately. |
| H-13 | Preheat thoroughly at 1400-1500°F, then raise to hardening temperature 1825-1875°F and soak uniformly. For larger sections use high side; for thin or smaller section use low side. Quench in air to hand hold, then temper immediately for two hours. |
| M2 | Warm slightly before charging into furnace, which should be operating at 1350-1500°F. After thorough preheating, transfer to hardening furnace at 2175-2225°F, depending on the tool size and degree of hardening required for application. Cool in air, oil or a molten salt bath operating at 1000-1100°F. In case of oil quenching, it is usually good practice to interrupt the quench by removing the tool after it has reached about 1000°F, and allow the cooling to continue in still air. Tools should be allowed to cool to 150°F, or when they can be held by the bare hand and then tempered immediately. The tempering temperature may be varied according to the desired hardness, but it is usually in the range of 1000-1100°F. Double tempering is always recommended. |
| S-7 | Preheat thoroughly at 1200-1300°F and raise to hardening temperature of 1725°F. Hold for one hour and quench in still air. Upon reaching 150°F steel should be tempered without delay. |
| 4142 | Preheat at a rate not exceeding 400°F per hour to 1250°F and equalize, then raise to hardening temperature 1500-1600°F. Soak for 30 minutes per inch of thickness. |
| 410SS | To minimize distortion in complex tools use a double preheat. Heat at a rate not exceeding 400°F per hour to 1000-1050°F, equalize, then raise to 1400-1450°F and equalize. For normal tools, use only the second temperature range as a single preheating treatment. Raise temperature on the furnace or salt to 1700-1850°F. Use high side of range for maximum corrosion resistance and strength. Use low side of the range when tempering above 1050°F for increased ductility and impact resistance. Soak at temperature for a minimum of 60 minutes for sections up to 1 thickness. Add an additional 60 minutes of soak time for each additional inch of thickness. |
| 440C | To minimize distortion in complex tools use a double preheat. Heat at a rate not exceeding 400°F per hour to 1000-1050°F, equalize, then raise to 1400-1450°F and equalize. For normal tools, use only the second temperature range as a single preheating treatment. Rapidly raise temperature to 1850-1950°F and soak for 30 minutes per inch of thickness, 30 minutes minimum. |
| W-1 | Heat thoroughly at 1425-1500°F. Hold one half hour per inch of section, quench in water (brine). Sizes below 9�?�32 round may be quenched in oil. |
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