The formula indicates the chemical composition of the fluid or coolant. Formulas determine whether the lubricant can work at high speeds, resist severe temperatures or withstand extreme pressure during heavy loads.

Aerosols are ideal for several applications including drilling, forming and milling nonferrous materials. They are ideal for reducing heat and can be left on the workpiece to help machining and minimize corrosion.

Emulsions are a mixture of two or more liquids containing droplets of oils and water. These fluids are used with ferrous and nonferrous metals.

Gels or spray gels are high-performance metal cutting lubricants used for ferrous and nonferrous metals. They reduce tool wear, improve performance and stand up to high-pressure applications.

Liquids are ideal for reducing friction and heat between parts. They can be used on material such as aluminum, titanium and Inconel for drilling, tapping, reaming and more.

Naphthenic Oil-Based oils are mineral-based and yield a low-to-medium viscosity index with minimal wax and low pour points. It is economical, provides precision finishes, extends tool life, and has minimal odor and high solvency capabilities.

Natural Ingredients are a mixture of nontoxic, environmentally friendly and biodegradable chemicals. They increase lubricity, reduce friction and can be used for moderate- to heavy-duty machining applications.

Pastes are ideal for single point work and provide high-quality finishes in applications such as tapping, drilling or reaming. They require little clean-up and are commonly used with a dip tool or brush.

Semi-Synthetic Fluids (SSF) combine oil and water with synthetic additives that improve lubricity with emulsifiers. They typically work well with nonferrous metals, especially those like aluminum and titanium that have a tendency to stain. Semi-Synthetic Fluids are usually low foaming and easy to maintain. They can be used as an economical alternative to synthetic fluids.

Solid Sticks or blocks are ideal for several operations including drilling, deburring, grinding and tapping. They are economical and can be applied to belts or discs prior to start-up.

Spray Foams are high-performance cutting fluids used on several types of materials. They offer an adhesive property that makes the foam stick to the material for long periods of time during an application. They are ideal for use with cutters, drills, end mills, reamers, taps and more.

Straight Oils are derived from mineral or vegetable oil and are used for general-purpose applications. These oils do not contain water or additives and are commonly used for operations where lubricity is the primary use over cooling.

Synthetic Fluids (SF) contain no oil and are comprised of lubricating polymers with organic and inorganic materials dissolved in water. They are the most biostable of the metalworking fluids because they contain no oil or emulsifiers. Synthetic Fluids are ideal for grinding and moderate-duty machining. These fluids offer high levels of cooling and do not contain oils or emulsifiers.

Water-Soluble Oils (WSO) (Emulsions) are mineral or vegetable oils that are held in solution with water by emulsifiers. They are generally suitable for moderate- to heavy-duty applications with ferrous and nonferrous metals. Water-Soluble Oils provide great corrosion protection and lubricity but may require additional maintenance. They occasionally foam in high-pressure/high-volume systems.

Wax is a lubricating and cooling material that is non-toxic and resists abrasion. It is used for applying directly on to the cutting surface of a tool to reduce friction and provide smooth movement.

1. Run a cleaning detergent through the sump during change-out every 6 to 12 months.
   TIP: Use an industrial sump cleaner and circulate through for one hour.
2. Use an antimicrobial additive once a month to prevent bacteria/fungus.
   TIP: Adding the antimicrobial on Friday morning will reduce "Monday-morning smell".
3. Swarf like dirt, filings and chips should be cleaned from the sump regularly.
   TIP: A coalescer cleans cutting fluid by removing swarf and tramp oil.
4. *Tramp oil should be removed from the sump every day.
   TIP: A wheel skimmer is ideal for removing tramp oil but they are most effective when the machine is off.
5. Let the machine run for an hour or more a day to aerate the sump.
   TIP: An aerating pump can be used if it isn't possible to run the machine every day.
6. Increase performance by mixing cutting fluid before adding it to the sump.
   TIP: A drum mixer or proportioner ensures the right concentration every time.
7. Check the sump concentration every week.
   TIP: A hand-held refractometer is the perfect tool for this job.
8. Keep up the sump level by adding make-up frequently.
   TIP: Never add straight water or coolant concentrate to the sump and always add coolant concentrate to water when mixing

*Tramp Oil: is a by-product of using Metalworking Fluids in a Metalworking process (usually cutting, drilling or grinding). It usually manifests itself as a thin layer of film over the Metalworking Fluid and should be removed on a regular basis to avoid contaminating the Metalworking Fluid.