Screwdrivers are essential tools to keep in your toolbox or on hand. They come in various types, each designed for specific screw heads and tasks. This guide covers the main types of screwdrivers and helps you choose the right one for your project.
Types of Screwdrivers and Selecting the Right One For Your Job
What are Screwdrivers?
Screwdrivers are fundamental hand tools designed specifically for driving screws. A standard screwdriver consists of three main components: the tip, shank (together forming the blade), and handle. Handles vary by design and function, including traditional plastic, ergonomic, and ESD-safe options. Specialized screwdrivers—such as insulated, anti-spark, and electronics-grade models—are also available. They are often classified by tip type, blade width, and length.
Types of Screwdrivers
Caution: Insert and power bits are not designed for use with impact power tools.
Clutch (Butterfly Bit)
Commonly used for fasteners in the manufacturing of mobile homes and truck trailers.
Hex (Allen)
Designed for driving socket head fasteners, commonly known as Allen wrenches.
Phillips®
Cross-point tip designed to reduce slippage, allowing greater torque and a more secure grip than slotted tips.
Pozidriv®
Similar to Phillips® but with a different tip angle, allowing for greater torque. Features four additional grip lines extending from the center. Not compatible with Phillips® screws, as use may damage the screw head or tool.
Square Drive (Robertson®)
Square-tip design for maximum torque, commonly used with recessed screws in applications like decking and furniture assembly.
Slotted
Features a tapered, flat-tip blade. Prone to slipping under power, which can lead to damage. Smaller sizes (1⁄8" to 7⁄32" diameter) are commonly known as Cabinet Tips.
Tamper-Resistant Torx
Similar to standard Torx but features a center post in the socket to prevent use with regular Torx drivers.
Tamper-Resistant Driver
Designed for tamperproof screws to restrict unauthorized access. Also known as a security tip or Snake Eyes® Spanner.
Torq-Set®
Specialized cross-tip design widely used in the aviation industry.
Torx Plus®
Advanced drive profile provides higher torque transmission and extended tool life compared to conventional Torx®. Compatible with Torx® tools driving Torx Plus® fasteners—but not vice versa.
Tri-Wing®
The asymmetrical profile design effectively blocks incompatible tools. Predominantly used in household electronics and aviation applications.
Selecting the Proper Screwdriver
Always use a screwdriver that fits the screw head precisely. The tip should sit securely in the slot without overhang. An improper fit can cause slippage, damaging the tool, the screw, the workpiece, or potentially injure the user.
Handle fit directly affects the amount of torque and pressure applied. Most handles are plastic and should be shaped ergonomically for a comfortable grip. For safety, always ensure the handle is clean and free of grease to prevent slipping and potential injury.
Screwdrivers are often misused for tasks like prying, scraping, chiseling, or punching—leading to damaged screw heads, ruined tools, and potential hand injuries.