What You Need to Know
OSHA regulations require employers to protect workers from falls, either by using barriers such as guardrails and nets or by using personal protective equipment such as harnesses.
Regular inspections ensure that all the components of personal fall prevention systems are in good working order.
Harnesses that show wear, discoloration, are missing labels or have damaged impact indicators should be removed from service.
Correctly storing and cleaning equipment can help prevent premature wear.
Personal protective equipment made to prevent employee falls can deteriorate over time. Knowing how to properly care for fall prevention gear—including safety harnesses—and recognizing the signs it’s time to replace it are key to employee safety.
Workplace Falls Are a Top 10 OSHA Hazard
Fall protection topped the Occupational Safety and Health Administration’s “Top 10” list of violations in 2017. The most common citations were for violations of the construction standard (29 CFR 1926.501 Fall Protection). However, fall prevention is also covered under a variety of other OSHA standards. All the standards require employers to protect employees from falling from overhead platforms, elevated surfaces or into holes in the floors or walls.
For general industry, standards require that employers provide fall protection systems when a worker is on a surface with an unprotected side or edge that is 4 or more feet above the level below. For the construction industry, the surface can be 6 or more feet above the level below. Fall protection can include guardrails, nets or personal fall protection systems that use a harness, such as fall arrest, positioning or travel restraint systems.
Inspections Are Key to Fall Protection Safety and Safety Harness Systems
Harness systems are typically composed of a secure point to tie off, a full-body harness and a lifeline that connects the harness to the anchor.
Standard 29 CFR 1910.140, Personal Fall Protection Systems, specifically covers the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) for general industry, describing the performance, care and use criteria for all personal fall protection systems.
The first step in knowing when to replace fall protection equipment is regularly inspecting it and removing pieces from service if they’re found to be defective.
“All employees are actually required to inspect a harness every time they put it on, and OSHA requires that they are trained in what to look for,” says Brandon J. Hody, a safety and occupational health professional at Concurrent Technologies Corp. Hody suggests using a checklist that notes what components to inspect, what to look for and when a harness should be removed from use.
Did you know that fall protection training is a Top 10 OSHA violation? Learn the fundamentals in: “5 Must-Know Tips for Fall Protection Training.”
OSHA says those inspecting equipment should look for mildew, wear, damage and other deterioration. Hody suggests checking for:
Frays or rips on webbing or straps
Corrosion, deformation, pits or burrs, cracking, or rusting of metal parts
Frayed or broken stitching
Discoloration of pads
Hody says a harness must also be removed from service immediately if:
Honeywell’s detailed Product Inspection Guide for its Miller Fall Protection division provides detailed checklists for inspecting various harness components.
“One important thing to note is that no matter how new or pristine-looking a piece of equipment is, if it has experienced a fall, it must be taken out of service for repair or replacement. Full-body harnesses and energy-absorbing lanyards exposed to a fall arrest immediately should be removed from service and replaced,” says Trevor Taylor, a fall protection specialist with 3M, in an EHS Today article.
Store Safety Harnesses in a Cool, Dry Place
Eric Miller, a group product manager for Werner Co., says storage is important, too.
“The user should ensure it is properly stored by keeping it free of moisture, protected from impact and away from extreme temperatures. It is recommended that harnesses be stored either hanging, flat or neatly folded to prevent unnecessary stress or wear,” he told Safety and Health magazine.
Honeywell’s inspection guide also recommends that harnesses and other fall protection components be stored away from ultraviolet light, sunlight or corrosive elements such as batteries, and says that harnesses should never be stored on a concrete or dirt floor.
“Full-body harnesses and energy-absorbing lanyards exposed to a fall arrest immediately should be removed from service and replaced.”
Trevor Taylor,
Account Executive, Fall Protection Specialist,
3M
Keep Safety Harness Systems Clean
Regular cleaning also keeps harnesses in good working order and can prolong their usefulness.
“Any dirt, grease or building material residue on the harness should be wiped away, and harnesses never should be dropped directly on the ground or on dirt. Dirt particles can work their way into the harness straps and potentially compromise their strength over time,” Miller says. “Should a fall protection harness get dirty, the wearer will need to clean it immediately according to the manufacturer’s instructions. If those instructions are not available, most harnesses can be cleaned with a damp sponge and warm, soapy water. After washing with soap, a typical harness should be rinsed thoroughly and hung to dry, although preferably not in direct sunlight.”
Taylor says the overall service life of fall protection equipment should be determined through inspections and by reviewing the manufacturer’s instructions.
“Additionally, an annual, documented inspection should be performed by a trained, competent employee. The equipment should pass the criteria set forth by the manufacturer and user instruction manual provided with the equipment at time of shipment,” Taylor says.
